A preliminary study on total removal efficiency of organic pollutants in sewage by Harbin municipal sewage treatment plant

To evaluate the removal efficiency of organic pollutants in the sewage by Harbin municipal sewage treatment plant,the influent and effluent samples from the plant were pretreated by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) under conditions of acidity,neutrality and alkalescence in sequence,and then were analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrum (GC-MS) procedures.Results indicate that there are 70 species of organic pollutants in the influent sample of the plant,which mainly consist of alkyls,benzene series,esters,and heterocyclic compounds.Some of these organic pollutants are biotoxic and belong to persistent organic pollutants (POPs).Four species among them are on the list of Prior Pollutants of Environmental Protection Agency of USA (USEPA).However,7 species of organic pollutants appearing in the effluent sample mainly include alkyls of multi-carbons and phthalate esters.The removal efficiency of phthalates is poor because of their poor biodegradability.The sewage treatment technique is effective in removing most of organics pollutants.     

一种假单胞菌SY5降解石油的动力学研究

为了确定石油降解菌对石油污染物的生物降解特性,选用分离得到的一株石油降解菌假单胞菌SY5,对其降解石油污染物的动力学特性进行了研究．研究结果表明,在30℃,pH=7．2的反应条件下,所筛选的SY5菌对石油具有良好的降解能力,降解石油的反应基本符合一级反应动力学,且随石油初始浓度的增大,SY5降解石油的速率减小,降解受到抑制．在生物降解的过程中,SY5的生长曲线具有明显增长和衰减曲线．在生长阶段,产率系数Y值为0．3873．在内源呼吸阶段,衰减系数bd值为0．1805d^-1,SY5菌自身氧化速度比较快．SY5生物降解石油Monod方程的最大比增长速率胁,和半饱和常数Ks分别为1．6d^-1和150mg／L．     

光催化氧化法降解有机污染物影响因素及其效率提高途径

分析了催化剂类型、污染物性质、反应条件等因素对光催化氧化法降解有机污染物的影响,从催化剂改性、高效光催化氧化反应器及光催化与其他技术联用等方面探讨了提高光催化氧化效率的途径,展望了光催化氧化法发展前景及其工业化应用时需解决的关键问题。     

Decreasing trends in total suspended solids and cumulative effects of nonpoint source projects in the Cuyahoga River Watershed,OH

Using the US EPA’s Grants Reporting and Tracking System (GRTS), we test if completion of best management practices (BMPs) through the Clean Water Act Section (4)319 National Nonpoint Source Program was associated with a decreasing trend in total suspended solids (TSS) load (metric tons/year). The study area chosen had 21 completed projects in the Cuyahoga River watershed in northeastern Ohio from 2000 to 2018. The 4319 projects ranged from dam removal, floodplain/wetland restoration to stormwater projects. There was an overall decreasing trend in TSS loads. We identified three phases of project implementation and completion, where phase 1 had ongoing projects, but none completed (2000–2004). The steepest decrease in loads, identified as phase 2 (2005–2011), was associated with completion of low-head dam modification and removal projects on the mainstem of the Cuyahoga River. A likely decreasing trend was associated with projects completed in the tributaries, such as natural channel design restoration and stormwater green infrastructure (phase 3). Pairing sediment reduction estimates from projects with the river’s flow normalized TSS loading trend, we estimated that the 4319 effort may account for a small fraction of the TSS load reduction. Other stream restoration projects (non-4319) have also been done in the Cuyahoga watershed by other organizations. However, trying to compile these other projects is challenging in larger watersheds having multiple municipalities, agencies, and nonprofits doing restoration without better coordinated record keeping and monitoring. While a decreasing trend in a pollutant load is a desirable water quality outcome, determining what contributed to that trend remains difficult.     

柘林水库污染物来源及水体分层对水质的影响

为探究水源水库污染物来源及水质变化规律,以九江市水源地柘林水库为研究对象,于2013年4月—2014年4月逐月对柘林水库进行水质监测.现场测定水温、溶解氧等指标,分层取样测定水体CODMn、TOC、TN、TP、Fe、Mn等水质指标.结果表明,柘林水库主要污染物来源为上游来水,其对CODMn、TN、TP贡献率分别达88.3%、76.2%和67.6%.在水体稳定分层期,底部水体CODMn、TOC、TN、TP、Fe、Mn质量浓度分别升高至3.8、2.4、1.12、0.14、0.42和0.34 mg/L;藻类计数及藻种鉴定结果表明,此时期主库区最大藻密度达2.25×106L-1,以绿藻为主.水体混合后出现Mn质量浓度超标问题,达0.16 mg/L.     

Distribution and release of 2,4,5-trichlorobiphenyl in ice

The distribution of persistent organic pollutants(POPs) in ice and the release of POPs from ice during ice melting have an important influence on the eco-environment and water quality of a river. Through laboratory simulation experiments, the distribution and release of 2,4,5-trichlorobiphenyl(PCB29) in ice and the partition coefficients of PCB29 in ice water at different temperatures, concentrations, and p H levels were studied. The results showed that, at different temperatures and concentrations, the concentration of PCB29 in ice increased progressively with depth. The modes of release of different concentrations of PCB29 from ice were obtained. A large amount of PCB29 was released rapidly in the first melting period, and then the remaining PCB29 was released uniformly. The p H value dominated both the distribution and late release of PCB29 in ice. In ice water, at different temperatures, concentrations, and p H levels, the majority of PCB29 entered the water, and a lesser amount remained in the ice. Finally, laboratory experiment results were verified with field investigations. A theoretical framework is provided by this research of the behavior of POPs in ice under different environmental conditions, but a more quantitative understanding of the behavior of POPs in ice will need to be developed through further laboratory studies combined with field investigations.     

渭河干流关中段季节性水环境容量研究

针对季节性河流流量具有周期性变化的特点,采用季节性污水排放计划(SDP)的季节划分方法,提出季节性河流水环境容量计算方法。以渭河干流关中段为例,将一年划分为旱雨两季,利用一维水质模型计算8个季节划分方案和1个对照方案在50%、75%和90%保证率下的水环境容量。研究结果表明:在相同保证率下,分季节计算的渭河干流关中段COD和NH3-N环境容量分别是传统环境容量计算方法的1.17~1.59倍和1.25~1.79倍,表明分季节计算的河流水环境容量明显大于以年为单位计算的河流水环境容量。     

青岛市生态居住区雨水综合利用

通过对于青岛市某居民小区两次典型降雨后形成径流雨水中的COD、SS、NH3-N和TP的分析,发现在初雨期2mm产生的径流中,4项污染物指标的污染程度最大,应舍弃不用;初雨期后可通过清浊分流方法在居民小区内对雨水进行回收利用。通过对居民区的年杂用水量与可收集雨水量的比较,上游汇水量可以满足区内的用水需求,雨水综合利用方案实施后可节约自来水2万t/a以上,具有良好的社会效益和经济效益。     

城市不同水体表观特征污染物及污染类型识别

选择苏州市区河网为研究对象,经过为期近3年的广域布点采样,选取DO,温度,p H,CODMn,S2-,浊度,Chl-a,UV254等作为水质监测指标,通过对各指标累计频率分布及其变化趋势的统计分析,识别出不同污染水体的主要表观特征污染物,并依此对水体污染类型进行了划分界定。结果表明:监测指标UV254值、浊度与ρ(CODMn)的比值、ρ(S2-)和ρ(Chl-a)对不同污染水体有很好的区分度,可作为表观特征污染物指标;将污染水体分为4种类型:有机主导型、无机主导型、营养主导型和混合型,前3种类型的主要筛选条件分别为UV254值·ρ(S2-)·1 000大于10 cm-1·(mg/L)、浊度与ρ(CODMn)的比值大于15 NTU/(mg/L)和ρ(Chl-a)20μg/L;利用该条件对6条定点监测河流污染类型进行初步划分。     

鄱阳湖水资源保护规划研究

随着鄱阳湖区经济快速发展,工业废水和生活污水排放量增长较快,入湖污染负荷也相应增加。为了做好鄱阳湖水资源保护规划,在分析2004～2008年鄱阳湖湖区国家控制点监测资料的基础上,针对目前鄱阳湖存在的主要水污染问题,研究提出了鄱阳湖水资源保护目标与布局;通过分析鄱阳湖入湖污染负荷的来源和纳污能力,确定了污染物控制量和削减量;为有效地控制入湖污染负荷,提出了鄱阳湖水资源保护对策与措施。